PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the net early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.